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      <image:title>Articles - What Happens When You Drive Over a Bridge? - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Gervais Street Bridge during Hurricane Helene flooding, September 2024. The Congaree River crested at 30.58 feet at the Columbia gauge on September 30. The bridge’s concrete arches transfer vehicle loads toward the supports, while its foundations must also withstand the effects of the river below. Photo by the author.</image:caption>
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    <loc>https://www.travisbasnett.com/articles/detention-pond-downstream-flooding</loc>
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    <loc>https://www.travisbasnett.com/articles/what-happens-when-you-drive-to-work</loc>
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    <loc>https://www.travisbasnett.com/articles/what-happens-when-it-rains</loc>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6a562de717236671fa1c06b9/fc30db8f-6259-4be0-97e5-51671a7c327d/rain-figure-1-the-whole-trip-mobile.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>Articles - What Happens When It Rains? - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Figure 1. The whole trip, from cloud to river. Where rain lands decides which route it takes, and how fast.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6a562de717236671fa1c06b9/c6426626-ac38-40cf-b4ca-18ad54e8509b/rain-figure-1-the-whole-trip-desktop.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>Articles - What Happens When It Rains? - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Figure 1. The whole trip, from cloud to river. Where rain lands decides which route it takes, and how fast.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6a562de717236671fa1c06b9/80edc574-4d5a-4e4c-a6dc-c726e33ee012/rain-figure-2-four-surfaces-mobile.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>Articles - What Happens When It Rains? - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Figure 2. The same storm on four surfaces. The rain does not change. What it lands on largely determines how much of it runs off, and how quickly.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6a562de717236671fa1c06b9/b2881a4f-a535-457a-bc9a-3f7d55f780b1/rain-figure-2-four-surfaces-desktop.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>Articles - What Happens When It Rains? - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Figure 2. The same storm on four surfaces. The rain does not change. What it lands on largely determines how much of it runs off, and how quickly.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6a562de717236671fa1c06b9/0ecb4ba4-ec32-40f9-8dfc-c1cd423d5260/rain-figure-3-hard-and-soft-mobile.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>Articles - What Happens When It Rains? - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Figure 3. The hard and soft systems. Pipes move water quickly and out of sight. Swales and vegetated channels slow it down and let some of it soak in.</image:caption>
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    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6a562de717236671fa1c06b9/ebec83f7-f133-406a-9df6-f6c096537cd0/rain-figure-3-hard-and-soft-desktop.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>Articles - What Happens When It Rains? - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Figure 3. The hard and soft systems. Pipes move water quickly and out of sight. Swales and vegetated channels slow it down and let some of it soak in.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6a562de717236671fa1c06b9/f2ab67d5-b792-4f11-99e4-97b83aa39088/rain-figure-4-when-the-pipe-is-full-mobile.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>Articles - What Happens When It Rains? - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Figure 4. The minor and major drainage systems. Pipes are designed for frequent storms. During larger storms, the street and planned overland paths carry what the pipes cannot.</image:caption>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6a562de717236671fa1c06b9/3fea6045-373c-41c9-a249-59d88b405ace/rain-figure-4-when-the-pipe-is-full-desktop.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>Articles - What Happens When It Rains? - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Figure 4. The minor and major drainage systems. Pipes are designed for frequent storms. During larger storms, the street and planned overland paths carry what the pipes cannot.</image:caption>
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    <loc>https://www.travisbasnett.com/articles/what-happens-after-you-flush</loc>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6a562de717236671fa1c06b9/f4647af1-a2aa-4219-a074-b31212852f03/flush-figure-1.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>Articles - What Happens After You Flush? - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Figure 1. The whole chain, from fixture to river. Wastewater moves from small service laterals into progressively larger mains, with pumping where the terrain requires it.</image:caption>
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    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6a562de717236671fa1c06b9/cf77761e-aac7-4f27-9be8-5ab4d29dbed8/flush-figure-2-three-pipes.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>Articles - What Happens After You Flush? - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Figure 2. The same neighborhood, three pipes, three different ways of moving water. Only the middle one depends on the shape of the ground.</image:caption>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6a562de717236671fa1c06b9/bd466b21-1e49-4e90-8e29-c0b3ff771e14/flush-figure-3-two-pipes.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>Articles - What Happens After You Flush? - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Figure 3. Sanitary and storm are separate systems with separate destinations. What goes into a curb inlet reaches a stream, sometimes by way of a stormwater pond, but never by way of a wastewater plant.</image:caption>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6a562de717236671fa1c06b9/b72626f7-7e43-449c-8c4d-54d4d6a60e16/flush-figure-4-inflow-infiltration.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>Articles - What Happens After You Flush? - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Figure 4. Conceptual, not to scale. Sanitary sewer design includes applicable peak-flow and infiltration/inflow allowances. Excess wet-weather inflow and infiltration can overwhelm collection pipes, pump stations, treatment facilities, or a combination of them.</image:caption>
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    <loc>https://www.travisbasnett.com/articles/what-happens-when-you-turn-on-the-faucet</loc>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6a562de717236671fa1c06b9/a3dc1dbd-15c5-41ba-95a3-b45390c2fc1b/figure-1-water-system.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>Articles - What Happens When You Turn On the Faucet? - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>The whole chain, from source water to the tap. Water moves from larger transmission mains into smaller distribution mains on its way to individual services.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6a562de717236671fa1c06b9/0b478aa0-31b7-433f-92f7-c04b9ca1e64e/figure-2-pressure.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>Articles - What Happens When You Turn On the Faucet? - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>The supply pipe is already full and under pressure. Opening the tap simply connects that pressure to open air. Typical service pressure is 40 to 80 psi; above 80 psi static pressure, pressure reduction is generally required under model plumbing codes, subject to the applicable adopted code.</image:caption>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6a562de717236671fa1c06b9/5aec2ae3-ecac-4487-9403-411059018a53/figure-3-straw-vs-web.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>Articles - What Happens When You Turn On the Faucet? - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Distribution networks often include loops and branches, and some include dead ends. Where connections and valve configuration allow, loops provide alternate flow paths while operators isolate a break.</image:caption>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/6a562de717236671fa1c06b9/7033712d-bd39-40bb-b7fc-e630d5f940a7/figure-4-faucet-vs-hydrant.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>Articles - What Happens When You Turn On the Faucet? - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Flow, in gallons per minute. The federal kitchen-faucet maximum is 2.2 gpm at 60 psi; some jurisdictions require less. An NFPA Class A hydrant has a rated capacity of 1,000–1,499 gpm, typically referenced to 20 psi residual pressure. Actual available flow depends on system conditions. The main in your street is often sized for the hydrant, not the kitchen.</image:caption>
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